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Nicholas Wiseman
Nicholas Wiseman (2 August 1802 – 15 February 1865) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who became the first Archbishop of Westminster upon the re-establishment of the Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales in 1850.
==Biography==
Wiseman was born in Seville on 2 February 1802, the younger son of James and Xaviera Strange Wiseman, of Waterford, Ireland, who had settled in Spain for business.〔(Hunter-Blair, Oswald. "Nicholas Patrick Wiseman." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 16 Mar. 2015 )〕 On his father's death in 1805, he was brought to his parents' home in Waterford. In 1810, he was sent to Ushaw College, near Durham, where he was educated until the age of sixteen, when he proceeded to the English College in Rome, which had reopened in 1818 after being closed by the Napoleonic Wars for twenty years. He graduated with a doctorate of theology with distinction in 1825, and was ordained to the priesthood the following year.
He was appointed vice-rector of the English College in 1827, and rector in 1828, although he was not yet twenty-six years of age. He held this office until 1840. From the first a devoted student and scholar of antiquity, he devoted much time to the examination of Oriental manuscripts in the Vatican library, and a first volume, entitled ''Horae Syriacae'', published in 1827, showed promise as a great scholar.〔
Pope Leo XII appointed him curator of the Arabic manuscripts in the Vatican, and professor of Oriental languages in the Roman University. His academic life was, however, broken by the pope's command to preach to English residents of Rome. A course of his lectures, ''On the Connexion between Science and Revealed Religion'', attracted much attention. His general thesis was that whereas scientific teaching had repeatedly been thought to disprove Christian doctrine, further investigation has shown that a reconciliation is possible. It is much to Wiseman's credit that his lectures on the relationship between religion and science received the stamp of approval from a critic as stern as Andrew Dickson White. In his extremely influential ''A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom'', whose primary contention was the conflict thesis, White wrote that "it is a duty and a pleasure to state here that one great Christian scholar did honour to religion and to himself by quietly accepting the claims of science and making the best of them.... That man was Nicholas Wiseman, better known afterward as Cardinal Wiseman. The conduct of this pillar of the Roman Church contrasts admirably with that of timid Protestants, who were filling England with shrieks and denunciations."〔White, Andrew Dickson (1896). ''A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom'', Volume 1, (Chapter V: From Genesis to Geology ). New York: D. Appleton and Company, pp. 223–224.〕
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